Words and Morphemes :: essays research papers

Words and Morphemes The Morpheme In order to describe the form of the linguistic expressions (phrases, sentences, texts) in a language, we must describe how those complex expressions are built from smaller parts, until ultimately we which the atoms of linguistic form. The term morpheme is used to refer to an atom of linguistic form. Most languages have a word like the English word 'word', that appears at first to refer to precisely the sorts of minimal linguistic objects we have in mind. But there are two reasons to reject 'word' as the label for the minimal unit of linguistic form: The term 'word' is ambiguous, referring to at least three different sorts of object. In many languages, linguistic expressions we would want to identify as words are in fact structurally complex. We consider the second of these points here; the first is taken up below. The following are all words of English: cat cats cat+s catty cat+y help helped help+ed unhelpful un+help+ful bake bakery bak+ery baker bak+er dedicate dedication dedicat+ion rededicate re+dedicate rededicationings re+dedicat+ion+ing+s establish establishment establish+ment antidisestablishmentarianism anti+dis+establish+ment+ari+an+ism The words in the centre column can be broken down into parts, as indicated in the right-hand column. It is not obvious that those in the left-hand column can be factored in the same way. A monomorphemic word like 'help' is structurally complex in one sense; it can be decomposed into distinct phonological elements (sounds, if you will), each associated with some configuration of the speech organs. The same is true of 'helped' of course, but that is not what leads up to segment 'helped' into two morphemes: help+ed (/help+t/). The intuition that leads us to divide 'helped' into two parts is that each part is associated with a meaning. Thus, the usual definition of morpheme is something like the following: A morpheme is the minimal unit of linguistic expression that is associated with a meaning. The term 'duality of patterning' was current in the 1960's to refer to this design feature of human language; that phonological objects without meaning combine to form meaningful atoms, which themselves combine to form complex linguistic expressions. Types of Morphemes The standard typology of morphemes classifies them according to their: freedom of occurrence free bound morphological function root stem affix mode of attachment prefix suffix infix circumfix reduplication Free and Bound Morphemes Free morphemes are those that can occur alone, as monomorphemic words; bound morphemes always occur in combination with some other morpheme: It is often the case, in a morphologically-complex word, that none of the component morphemes are free, as in:

International students in English speaking universities Essay

Introduction With the brisk pace of economic globalization, higher education is becoming more internationalized as well. An increasing number of students choose to receive higher education abroad in countries like the US, the UK and Australia, where there are many world-class universities that are expected to provide high-quality education for both domestic and overseas students. However, due to various reasons, and often out of their expectation, international students inevitably meet kinds of problems and difficulties that hinder them from integrating with the new environment, especially heavily impact their life and learning at university. This essay will account for the difficulties that international students may encounter in their adjustment and achievement, using the Leslie and Smith (2004) and Andrade (2006) to support the points. Emotion changes Due to the cultural differences, most international students feel shocked. They leave home and parental care, studying in an unfamiliar country. Rajapaksa and Dundes (2000) discovered that international students felt more lonely and homesick than domestic students. â€Å"Their adjustment was affected by their satisfaction with social networks as opposed to the number of close friends.† (Andrade, 2006). In this case, international students may feel difficult to achieve the targets. On the other hands, international students can be easier to get angry because of lack of language proficiency then they often do not understand what is going on. Passive VS Active Based on the past study in their own countries, international student consider that learning is passive. However, now in English speaking universities, learning become more active. (Leslie and Smith, 2004) International students have difï ¬ culty understanding spoken English and have weak writing skills whereas students criticized instructors for their use of colloquial English and rapid speech. Similarly, professors felt students did  not take responsibility for their own learning while students found professors indifferent. (Robertson et al., 2000) As a result, international students need more and more independent study by themselves. They also have to be initiative. It is Another research demonstrated that international students preferred to work alone, which supports a common view that international students dislike group work. (Sarkodie- Mensah, 1998) Also, they reported valuing warm, friendly relationships with their instructors in contrast with the belief that international students are accustomed to a formal student-professor relationship. (Sarkodie- Mensah, 1998). Although, students need more group work in English speaking universities and they should know how to work cooperatively, they still need to learn how to work by themselves when they write essays and review for the exams. Teaching tools It is worth mentioning that there are a lot more advanced facilities in English speaking universities than at home. (Leslie and Smith, 2004) There are a lot of computers in library so that students can use to find information to make preparation for essay or presentation. In addition to this, students all have their own text books back home and sometimes teachers give them lots of photocopied handouts.( Leslie and Smith, 2004) There are three other pertinent interventions for international students. One involves using outreach support groups to help international students who may need counseling but are reluctant to initiate contact (Smith et al., 1999); however, actual adjustment is not measured. Another outlines ideas for web-based orientation (Murphy et al., 2002) and the third suggests a multi-phase approach to orientation (Lin and Yi, 1997) (Andrade, 2006) Also, content-based ESL courses, learning communities, support courses, comprehensive programming and peer study partnerships have been successful in providing international students with academic support. (Andrade, 2006) Summary Due to various reasons, international students have to encounter many problems when they study in English speaking universities. The adjustment issues raised in this review should be considered to enhance the mutually rewarding practice of international study. Reference Andrade, 2006 p3-4, p7 Leslie and Smith’ survey, 2004, p13-14 ï » ¿International students in English speaking universities Essay Introduction With the brisk pace of economic globalization, higher education is becoming more internationalized as well. An increasing number of students choose to receive higher education abroad in countries like the US, the UK and Australia, where there are many world-class universities that are expected to provide high-quality education for both domestic and overseas students. However, due to various reasons, and often out of their expectation, international students inevitably meet kinds of problems and difficulties that hinder them from integrating with the new environment, especially heavily impact their life and learning at university. This essay will account for the difficulties that international students may encounter in their adjustment and achievement, using the Leslie and Smith (2004) and Andrade (2006) to support the points. Emotion changes Due to the cultural differences, most international students feel shocked. They leave home and parental care, studying in an unfamiliar country. Rajapaksa and Dundes (2000) discovered that international students felt more lonely and homesick than domestic students. â€Å"Their adjustment was affected by their satisfaction with social networks as opposed to the number of close friends.† (Andrade, 2006). In this case, international students may feel difficult to achieve the targets. On the other hands, international students can be easier to get angry because of lack of language proficiency then they often do not understand what is going on. Passive VS Active Based on the past study in their own countries, international student consider that learning is passive. However, now in English speaking universities, learning become more active. (Leslie and Smith, 2004) International students have difï ¬ culty understanding spoken English and have weak writing skills whereas students criticized instructors for their use of colloquial English and rapid speech. Similarly, professors felt students did not take responsibility for their own learning while students found professors indifferent. (Robertson et al., 2000) As a result, international students need more and more independent study by themselves. They also have to be initiative. It is Another research demonstrated that international students preferred to work alone, which supports a common view that international students dislike group work. (Sarkodie- Mensah, 1998) Also, they reported valuing warm, friendly relationships with their instructors in contrast with the belief that international students are accustomed to a formal student-professor relationship. (Sarkodie- Mensah, 1998). Although, students need more group work in English speaking universities and they should know how to work cooperatively, they still need to learn how to work by themselves when they write essays and review for the exams. Teaching tools It is worth mentioning that there are a lot more advanced facilities in English speaking universities than at home. (Leslie and Smith, 2004) There are a lot of computers in library so that students can use to find information to make preparation for essay or presentation. In addition to this, students all have their own text books back home and sometimes teachers give them lots of photocopied handouts.( Leslie and Smith, 2004) There are three other pertinent interventions for international students. One involves using outreach support groups to help international students who may need counseling but are reluctant to initiate contact (Smith et al., 1999); however, actual adjustment is not measured. Another outlines ideas for web-based orientation (Murphy et al., 2002) and the third suggests a multi-phase approach to orientation (Lin and Yi, 1997) (Andrade, 2006) Also, content-based ESL courses, learning communities, support courses, comprehensive programming and peer study partnerships have been successful in providing international students with academic support. (Andrade, 2006) Summary Due to various reasons, international students have to encounter many problems when they study in English speaking universities. The adjustment issues raised in this review should be considered to enhance the mutually rewarding practice of international study. Reference Andrade, 2006 p3-4, p7 Leslie and Smith’ survey, 2004, p13-14

Parenthood Not For the Faint of Heart Essay - 1219 Words

Whatever the circumstance that initiates parenthood, there is one constant variable - there is a new person in this world needing care. The most qualified people for the job are the parents. True, there are no manuals, but each of us has the basic tools needed to become effective parents. These tools are programmed into our DNA for survival of the species. The only difference between us and the rest of the animal kingdom, who seem to have no problem raising their young to be self reliant members of their social order, is our self indulgent free will. Effective parenting requires love, patience, strength, resilience, and sense of purpose. Effective parenting also requires a social support system that reinforces and supports the efforts†¦show more content†¦I did not want to pull her from the program, but I did not want things to continue as they were. The situation came to a turning point when the director greeted me at the door as I came to pick Jessica up after bowling one day. I was informed Jessica and her teammates were being completely disruptive and ignored the director’s requests to bowl properly. I told Jessica to apologize to the director and promise to behave in the future. Throwing a look to her new friends, Jessica gave me a sarcastic resp onse. A tactical error of epic proportions! I looked my daughter steely in the eyes and in front of her friends, the director, and the entire bowling league, said in a very slow and calm voice, â€Å"If you think I am going to stand by and let you turn into these two (motioning my thumb to her new friends), you’re mistaken. If I have to, I will quit my job and make watching your every move my new profession. We don’t need to shop at Limited Too, Goodwill is just fine. I’ll just call the school and explain the situation. They won’t mind if I sit behind you in every class. Walk behind you in the halls. Sit with you in the cafeteria. When you go to the bathroom, I’ll be there. Nothing is as important in my life as you. So whatever it takes to get you back to the person we raised, that’s what I’ll do. It’s up to you.† As a mother it was my defining moment. I knew she knew I meant every word, and she was not going to call my bluff. Jessica apologized toShow MoreRelatedAndromaches Lamentations In The Iliad Analysis1624 Words   |  7 Pageslater lines, however, the martial qualities are revived and directly contrast with this domesticity. Andromache runs out of the house like a â€Å"raving† woman with â€Å"pulsing heart,† just like a soldier whose brother or a close friend had died (22.460-461). When she comes up the wall and sees Achilles dragging Hektor around, she faints, and this scene even more resembles the death of a soldier, particularly Patroklos: The darkness of night misted over the eyes of Andromache. She fell backward, and graspedRead MoreDuring The Trimesters Of Pregnancy, Every Change That The1481 Words   |  6 Pageswork. This make them feel depressed sometimes because they feel useless. Pregnancy hormones make woman crazy and that’s why they a big impact on mood swings throughout the nine months. A woman’s body produces extra blood during pregnancy, and her heart beats faster and harder than usual to carry the extra blood. Many of the pregnancy symptoms from the first 2 months continue, and sometimes worsen during the third month. This is especially true of nausea. A woman’s breasts continue growing and changingRead More Early Child Development Essay4131 Words   |  17 Pagescalled organogenesis. The sex organs are also formed during this period. Basic forms of both sex organs are developed, but sooner or later, one set will develop more while the other deteriorates. About four weeks after fertilization, the embryo’s heart begins to beat. It is about 7mm long by this time. The brain and spinal cord are beginning to form, causing the embryo to grow a tail, much like that of a tadpole. The embryo also has little stubs that will soon take shape as its arms and legs. TheRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesor factual (substantial disagreement): Serena: Did you hear that Andrea is in Kaiser Hospital with brain injuries from that motorcycle accident? She is alive but so lifeless lying there, so pitiful, no brain activity, just a slowly beating heart and a faint breath. David, you’ve really got to visit her before she dies. David: No, she has already died, because she has no brain activity. I heard this from Jesse, who talked to the doctor. Ill go to the funeral instead.103 34. Create an original

The Analyst Recommends Maintaining The Project Essay

The Analyst recommends maintaining the Project’s 4- rating. The assigned rating reflects cash flow stability and visibility from a long-term PPA with an investment grade off-taker, expectations that the Term Loan will fully amortize by the maturity date, and a slightly weak operating profile given higher than the normal equipment failure rate. Keenan is comparable to Grand Renewable Wind LP (â€Å"GRW†) (4-) and Gosfield Wind Financial Corporation (â€Å"Gosfield†) (4-). Like Keenan, GRW and Gosfield’s cash flows come from the long-dated PPAs with the investment grade off-takers. GRW’s risk profile reflects slightly worse assessment of one of the financial ratio (average DSCR) related risk factor. Gosfield’s risk profile reflects environmental risk, less than adequate PPA/Operating life Tail, and a very low equity in the capital structure. Keenan’s operating risk profile is weaker than the operating profile of the other two projects while its financial risk profile is slightly stronger than the financial risk profile of Gosfield and much stronger than the GRW’s financial risk profile. The Analyst notes that a Wind Project within the SFS EF AM’s portfolio that has a PPA with a strong investment- grade counterparty, no price or volume risk with the PPA tail extending beyond the term of the loan, and â€Å"Neutral/Standard† assessment of all other risk factors is rated 4+. The Project’s rating reflects a notch downgrade (4-) due to the operational issues with the equipment. The operatingShow MoreRelatedThe Hunger For Analyzing Data998 Words   |  4 Pagesand turn it into information that can change the business and function of the industry. Data warehouse Analysts are bridging the present business aspect with the future. Their role is critical to a company’s ability to make sound business decisions. A Data Warehouse Analyst is responsible for data design, database architecture, and metadata and repository creation. Experts in this recommend technology solutions related to data storage, reporting and other business concerns. They also define theRead MoreThe Requirements Engineering Phase Within A Software Project Essay1489 Words   |  6 PagesThe requirements engineering phase within a software project is a heavily knowledge-driven, collaborative process that typically involves the analysis and creation of a large number of textual artifacts. We know that requirements engineering has a large impact on the success of a project, semantic recommender support, especially for stakeholders during requirement elicitation is still lacking. This paper proposes an approach for recommendation systems that enable semantic interoperability with contentRead MoreProject Description And Operating Performance910 Words   |  4 PagesProject Description Operating Performance †¢ Project Description: Parque Eolico El Arrayan SpA (â€Å"El Arrayan† or the â€Å"Borrower†) is non-recourse, special-purpose entity formed to construct, own and operate a 115 MW wind farm located near Ovalla in the 4th region of Chile. El Arrayan is jointly-owned by Pattern Chile Holdings LLC, a subsidiary of Pattern Energy Group, LP (â€Å"Pattern†) (NR) (70%) and Antofagasta Minerals S.A. (â€Å"AMSA) (NR) (30%). The Project achieved COD on June 04, 2014 and has a 20-yearRead MoreA Study On Cpv Keenan II Renewable Energy Company Essay985 Words   |  4 PagesCPV Keenan II Renewable Energy Company, LLC (â€Å"Keenan† or the â€Å"Borrower†) is a non-recourse, special purpose entity that owns and operates a 151.8 MW (the â€Å"Project†) wind farm located in Woodward County, Oklahoma. The Borrower is owned by Competitive Power Ventures Holdings, LLC (â€Å"CPV†) and GE Energy Financial Services (â€Å"GE†) (NR) and Ty r Energy Inc. (â€Å"Tyr†) (NR) are tax equity investors. In February 2014, SFS EF AM committed to the Borrower’s $133.0 million Senior Secured Term Loan (the â€Å"TermRead MoreOperating Performance Assessment Of Owns Caithness Energy, Llc Essay861 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Borrower†) is a non-recourse, special purpose entity that owns Caithness Energy, LLC (â€Å"CEL†). CEL owns and operates a 350 MW combined-cycle duel fueled power generation facility in the Town of Brookhaven, Long Island, NY (the â€Å"Facility† or the â€Å"Project†). The Borrower is owned by Caithness Energy, LLC. In 2015, SFS EF AM committed $50.0 million to the Borrower’s $200.0 million seven-year Holding Company Term Loan (the â€Å"HoldCo Term Loan†). The HoldCo Term Loan is subordinated to the debt atRead MoreService Request Sr-Rm-022, Part 1 Essay1514 Words   |  7 PagesResources department. The expected results will define the business requirements for the development of an HR system to support the objective of this request. The objective is to create a detailed system design and a project implementation plan required to complete the project. The project should be completed in approximately six months, so the new system can be utilized in the second quarter of next year (Apollo Group, Inc. 2011). 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The plan for the schedule is accommodating with Mexico’s labor laws and company guidelines in scheduling the Part-Time (P/T) staff’s 50% of a day’sRead MoreCritical Infrastructure Protection ( Cip )898 Words   |  4 Pagescompliant with NERC CIP standards, working with functional area teams to ensure that they have the necessary information to ensure compliance. †¢ Lead project for Role based training with functional areas to develop content in support for CIP requirements. †¢ Support the development and roll out of Core CIP training requirements. †¢ Worked on project for self-certification for CIP requirements related to Vulnerability Assessments. †¢ Lead on 2014 RSAW documentation effort. †¢ Investigate corrective actionsRead MoreTarget Case1099 Words   |  5 Pagesall large capital project requests, is currently considering 5 projects to add value to the corporation. Their overall goal is to add 100 stores a year, while maintaining a positive brand image and watching budget constraints. If the CEC rejects a proposal there are large financial and emotional sunk costs, due to the long development process. Each project is evaluated in terms of its quantitative, qualitative, and strategic parameters. In calculating the NPV of these projects, Target uses twoRead MoreWhat Kind Of Information System Does The School Have?1730 Words   |  7 Pagessystems (DBMS) and shared by multiple applications. HUMAN RESOURCES Professional information systems personnel include development and maintenance managers, system analysts, programmers and operators often with highly specialized skills. PROCEDURES Procedures are policies and methods to be followed in using operating and maintaining operation systems. Information System and explanation Systems software is designed to operate and control the computer hardware and to provide the platform for running

Volunteering At An Agency Where I May Interact With People

Gehlmann 1 Kathryn Gehlmann Professor Hardie SLR 105 December 07, 2015 For the fall semester, I wanted to volunteer at an agency where I could interact with people because I enjoy helping others. When I found out that I could volunteer at the library, I jumped on that chance right away. Volunteering at the Eva K. Bowlby Library allowed me to do those things. There are two current considerations regarding our society. First, should the federal, local, and state government allocate and spend tax dollars to fund professional social agencies that would, in turn, meet the needs of their communities? Secondly, the burden for social agencies would be placed on individual citizens and agencies that choose to serve those in need by giving of personal time, money, and skills. Those two considerations have major effects on my service site. Funding for social agenices has been a topic for many years where libraries are the focus point from what I have gathered. Should the federal, local, and state government allocate and spend tax dollars to fund professional social agencies that would, in turn, meet the needs of their communities? There are many positives and negatives about government funding for libraries. The Grants to States Program is one of the largest federal funding programs that support library services in the U.S. In fact, there are more than 150 million dollars distributed throughout the State Library Administrative Agenices (SLAA). Two thousand five hundred Grants toShow MoreRelatedMy Service Learning Hours At Harvest Hope Food Bank987 Words   |  4 PagesIn order to gain the necessary skills needed for social work, service learning is necessary due to the fact that it serves as an introduction to skills that may be utilized later in the field. 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International Trade and Enterprise for Greenhouse - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInternational Trade and Enterprise for Greenhouse. Answer: Introduction Noteworthy, theres a growing global concern over climatic changes and the emission of greenhouse gasses. Ironically ,China and the United States despite being the largest emitters of greenhouses gases ,their governments hasnt taken active steps to mitigate the effects of the greenhouses gases on the environment .However ,most Latin America, Africa ,Europe and Middle-Eastern economies have taken interest in regulating carbon emissions(Stokes, Wike and Carle,2015)Arguably ,wealthy and more developed countries are expected to take more responsibility in climate change mitigation and emission of greenhouse gases due to the high concentration percentage they are presumed responsible for. Further, the devastating effects of climate change due to emission of greenhouses such as high temperatures, rises in sea levels, drought and harsh weather are among the reasons for the concern for climatic change action. Further, climate forcing which is a consequence of climate change due to changes in earths energy balance causing excessively warm or cooling effect. Climatic change is likely to lead to natural disasters such as intense storms, hurricane which will destroy human lives and property thus the obsession with controlling greenhouse gases and climate change .The irreplaceable nature of life which could be destroyed by natural disasters due to global warming or climatic change has also created the need to mitigate climatic changes. The Garnaut Review Primarily, the Garnaut Review explores the implications of climatic changes on the Australian population. Australia must participate in the global arena to mitigate the effects of climate changes. According to Garnaut, climate change is due to human interference through activity .The Review is outlined into three parts acknowledging the concern for changing climatic conditions, the steps to be undertaken by the government of Australia and the adaptive transformations to be undertaken. Further,Garnaut focuses on quantity of greenhouse gas emissions, worldwide arrangements on emissions, carbon pricing, and political interests and adaptive measures. In addition, effects of carbon pricing upon agricultural and electricity in climate change efforts has been expounded. Also, temperature, the carbon cycle and other greenhouses gases, methane, nitrous oxide have been is outlined in the review. Solutions Presented by Garnaut Review Carbon pricing has been proposed to cut carbon emissions. Furthermore, theres need for stringent and prompt implementation of mitigation policies for greenhouse gasses emission. Carbon sequestration is also proposed to capture and store carbon based emissions from entering the atmosphere. Noteworthy, carbon sequestration would be an effective means were it affordable and available internationally. However due to the expensive technological equipment and maintenance costs ,its a small scale emission control mechanism .Expansion of renewable energy capacities by different countries will greatly reduce carbon emissions due to energy efficiency and environmental friendliness of these renewable sources. Overshooting and application of solar radiation deflectors is likely to reduce carbon emissions and mitigate effects of global warming respectively. Also, adoption of clean development and technological mechanisms has proven to reduce carbon emissions. Implementation of low emission technological developments has been advanced in energy and the transport sectors of various economies to reduce carbon emissions through fuel efficiency and incorporation of renewable sources of energy. The use of renewable sources of energy has greatly boosted carbon emissions. Further, theres encouraged use of organic farming methods and equipment in production in a bid to promote environment friendly practices and reduce environmental pollution. Alternative Approaches to Carbon Emission Cuts and their Effectiveness The implementation of greenhouse gas emission targets has helped reduce the concentration percentage of greenhouse gasses. Profoundly, member states of the European Union have committed to a 20percent emission cut for greenhouse gasses for the year 2020.Further, European Countries have subscribed to 20percent energy consumption of renewable energy in an effort to reduce carbon emission cuts. In addition, theres a 40percent target for the year 2030 according to the European Union (European Commission, n.d) Moreover, theres financial and regulatory framework for carbon emission cuts through the Emissions Trading scheme and a 20% budgetary allocation towards climate action. Profoundly, market-based approaches have been implemented to reduce the rate of carbon emissions .Primarily, carbon taxation systems have been introduced in various economies to cut emissions. Usually, higher taxation is likely to reduce the quantity demand and supply according to price elasticity and the law of demand (Kaufman, 2016) Through carbon taxation, the quantity of carbon emitted is low. The effect of taxation on carbon emissions is direct thus its efficiency is guaranteed. Additionally, cap and trade activities have been used to encourage reduction in carbon emissions through low costing system. Traders in carbon-based resources are encouraged to use low carbon-based technologies. Certainty and stability of carbon prices has made this two methods popular .However ,there's limited government intervention since most stakeholders are private investors(Kaufman,2016) Predominantly, market based approaches have been adopted to help cut carbon emissions through the establishment of carbon trading arrangements which also offers incentives for sequestration of carbon-based gases (Raymond and Shively, n .d) The idea of carbon trading was proposed by Richard coase who believed that in the event of property rights environment friendly milestones will be undertaken by private stakeholders. Through the financial incentives available for agriculture and electricity based carbon sequestration, the volume of carbon emissions goes down (Raymond and Shively, n. d) Private state holders will be motivated to cut carbon and other greenhouse gases emissions in the face of financial gain. Further, the expansion of renewable capacity is a notable move to cut carbon emissions. Primarily, theres overdependence in non-renewable forms of energy such as coal and fossil fuels. In addition, introduction of fuel efficiency and transportation standards will help reduce carbon emissions (Union of Concerned Scientists, n .d.)Furthermore, substantial investment into reforestation and limitation caps on carbon production and emissions will significantly reduce the level of carbon emissions in Australia and worldwide .Clean energy use is effective but expensive in terms of technology and equipment thus its inadequacy in completely reducing carbon emission cuts (Union of Concerned Scientists, n .d) Notably, New Zealand has incorporated the use of emission reduction targets and trading system to help reduce emission of carbon and other greenhouse gases into its atmosphere. Moreover, it has adopted the clean development technology in its key sector industry to reduce the volume of carbon-based emissions (Ministry for the Environment and Energy ,n .d.) Predominantly ,energy based conservation and efficiency techniques have been used to reduce carbon emissions .Primarily ,use of carbon-free and carbon reduced energy sources has substantially reduced carbon emissions through the use of renewable energy such as solar ,wind and geothermal. Also, carbon storage and sequestration has been implemented to reduce fast growing rates of carbon emissions (Tribal Energy and Environmental Information, n .d.) Regarding effectiveness, it is considered costly to sequestrarise hence it is less likely to cut emissions on a large scale. The United Nations Report recommends higher emission targets before 2020 to successfully help mitigate the challenges of global climate change. A target of forty giga tonnes of carbon emissions by the year 2025 and 22 gigatonne target for 2050(Milman, 2013) Australia mitigation efforts combined with other global economies carbon cuts emissions will go a long way in reducing overall concentration of greenhouse gasses .In the long run, Carbon emission cuts minimizes the effects of greenhouse gases on global climatic changes. Federal Government Climate Action Further, theres the use of emission control policies by the Australian government to control the remittance of carbon based gasses into the atmosphere. As proposed by the Garnaut Review, emission price and target have been implemented by the Australian government. Mandatory expansion of electricity produced by renewable energy sources, placement of emission offsets and use of energy efficiency buildings and appliances has been implemented to boost carbon emission cuts .In addition, emissions standards has been set for fuel emissions and incentives offered to public stakeholders for carbon emission cuts(Nielson ,n.d.)Despite the application of these emission control policies, they havent been able to adequately reduce or eradicate substantial concentration of carbon emissions. In addition, the Australian government has introduced and allocated funds towards reduction of greenhouse gases inclusive of carbon gases. Primarily, the Emission Reduction Fund has availed persuasive financial incentives for stakeholders for environment-friendly based practices inclusive of carbon emission cuts (Department of the Environment,2014)The fund aims to promote environmental interests to help mitigate the effects of climate change attributed to high emissions of greenhouse gases by private business stakeholders. In the presence of incentives and subsidies in business operations, most stakeholders are more inclined to cooperate with environment-friendly approaches to business as compared to the absence of incentives in the business world. The Australia government is committed to the 5percent least global reduction limit by the year 2020 thus an implementation of the Garnaut review recommendation(Fraser,2014)Moreover ,The Australian government is constantly reviewing climate change policies to suit current global changes .Noteworthy, Australia has made budgetary allocation towards climate change. However, theres need for more mitigation efforts by Australia and other global players in enforcing carbon emission cuts and overall emission cuts for all greenhouses gases such as methane, nitrous oxide to reduce the effects of these gases on the global climate. Greenhouse gases are a likely trigger for harsh weather, intense storms, hurricanes, abnormal rise in sea levels and other negative consequences on human life and property. References Department of Environment, Australia. (2014)Reducing Australia s Emissions.[Online]Available at https://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/emissions-reduction-fund/publications/reducing-australias-emissions[Accessed 25 March 2017] European Commission.(n .d.)EU Climate Action .European Commission.[Online]Available at https://ec.europa.eu/clima/citizens/eu_en[Accessed 25 May 2017] Fraser, B.(2014)Reducing Australia s Greenhouse Gas Emissions-Targets and Progress Review .Final Report. Climate Authority.[Online]Available at https://www.climatechangeauthority.gov.au/files/files/Target-Progress-Review/Targets%20and%20Progress%20Review%20Final%20Report.pdf Garnaut, R. (2011) The Garnaut Review 2011.Garnaut Review.Org.[Online] Available at https://www.garnautreview.org.au/update-2011/garnaut-review-2011/garnaut-review-2011.pdf[Accessed 25 May 2017] Kaufman, N. (2016) Carbon Tax vs. Cap-and-Trade: Whats a Better Policy to Cut Emissions? World Resources Institute.[Online]Available at https://www.wri.org/blog/2016/03/carbon-tax-vs-cap-and-trade-what%E2%80%99s-better-policy-cut-emissions[Accessed 25 May 2017] Ministry for the Environment.(n .d)Reducing New Zealand s Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Ministry for the Environment.[Online]Available at https://www.mfe.govt.nz/climate-change/reducing-greenhouse-gas-emissions[Accessed 25 May 2017] Nielson, L.(n .d.)Emission Control Policies .Parliament of Australia.[Online]Available at https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/BriefingBook43p/emissioncontrol[Accessed 25 May 2017] Raymond, L and Shively, G.(2008)Market Based Approaches to CO2 Emissions .Choices Magazine.Org.[Online]Available at https://www.choicesmagazine.org/2008-1/articles/2008-101.htm[Accessed 25 May 2017] Stokes, Wike, R., and Carle, J. (2015) Global Concern About Climate Change, Broad Support for Limiting Emissions. Pew Global.Org. [Online]Available at https://www.pewglobal.org/2015/11/05/global-concern-about-climate-change-broad-support-for-limiting-emissions/[Accessed 25 May 2017] Tribal Energy and Environmental Information.(n .d)Ways to Reduce Carbon Dioxide Emissions .Indian Affairs.Gov.[Online]Available at https://teeic.indianaffairs.gov/er/carbon/carboninfo/reduce/index.html[Accessed 25 May 2017] Oliver, M.(2013)Carbon Emissions Must Be Cut Significantly by 2020,Says UN Report. United Nations University.[Online]Available at https://ourworld.unu.edu/en/carbon-emissions-must-be-cut-significantly-by-2020-says-un-report Union of Concerned Scientists .Smart Solutions to Reduce Emissions. Union of Concerned Scientists.[Online]Available at https://www.ucsusa.org/our-work/global-warming/solutions/global-warming-solutions-reduce-emissions#.WSbZHZKGPMx[Accessed 25 May 2017]

Professional Development Plan free essay sample

This essay aims to develop a plan that will address the behavioral characteristics of Learning Team A including the designated manager of the team. The plan will be used to assess the teams skills, strengths, areas needing improvement, and the resources needed to help the team members reach their career goals. DISC Assessment The members of Learning Team A took the DISC Platinum Rule Behavioral Style Assessment to determine each person’s predominant characteristics and how each style relates to other team members. The DISC assessment consists of four primary behavioral styles: (1) the Dominance or D style, (2) the Interactive or I style, (3) the Steadiness or S style, and (3) the Cautious or C style. Learning Team A is comprised of four members. Two out of four members were rated Dominance. One member was rated Interactive while the other one was rated Cautious. Individuals with Dominance Style are goal-oriented and like to be in control of people and events. We will write a custom essay sample on Professional Development Plan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They strive to achieve multiple projects, and they put emphasis on bottom-line results. Styles are fast-paced, task-oriented individuals who prefer challenging tasks, and take charge in crisis situations. The Interactive Styles are out-going, â€Å"party animals† who like to be where the action is. The I Styles are more relationship-oriented than task-oriented. They have good people and communication skills which help them influence people to meet their goals. The Cautious Styles are detail-oriented, analytical, and systematic individuals who appreciate problem-solving. They are task-oriented people; perfectionist and tend to be over-critical which can lead to paralysis by analysis (Alessandra, 2014b). The primary behavioral styles are broken down into four substyles to further characterize the team members. Table 1 summarizes the predominant and substyles characteristics of Learning Team A. Table 1. Predominant and Substyles Behavioral Characteristics of Team A The individual member assessments were collated to create a DISC chart. Figure 1 illustrates where each member fall on the chart in relation to each other and behavior in terms of openness and directness. The chart indicates that 75 percent of the team members are direct, faster-paced, and task-oriented individuals. The Enthusiasts (Id) are less open but more direct individuals while the Producers (Ds) are less guarded and less direct. One team member was rated Cautious. Because her subtype rating was not given, she was placed in the center of Cautious quadrant yielding an average guarded and average indirect rating. Figure 1. Team A DISC Assessment Chart Legend: Tendencies Teamwork plays a vital role for a successful and conducive work environment. Productivity increases when teams work well together. A nurturing business setting also encourages innovative thinking as members bounce off ideas to one another. Collectively, Learning Team A has a lot of strengths. Majority of the members is determined and focused in completing the tasks. They express confidence in their ability to get the work done expeditiously because of their delegating skills. In addition, the members are capable of creating a plan of action and follow-through to ensure timely completion of the job. When making decisions, the team is able to analyze the conditions and take calculated risks. Furthermore, the team exudes a positive and enthusiastic outlook in life which prevents members from being distracted by failures and weaknesses. Growth Opportunities Most of the team members are dominant and task-oriented people. Opening to new perspectives and working outside their comfort zones would be beneficial for the team. Clarifying and being realistic in timelines will prevent misunderstanding and disappointments. Being flexible when making decisions will foster creativity in solving issues. Delegating more tasks is recommended to free-up time. This will make team members feel trusted and appreciated of the personality differences within the team. Additionally, tasks should be clearly defined such that members who only see the big picture will grasp the work involved especially for complex tasks. Empowerment Pointers According to Gavzer (2004), teamwork often breaks down or fails to develop even in the most well-intentioned practices. Applying the necessary skills, structure, patience, and practice is crucial to get it right. Consulting with mentors and colleagues prior to making decisions or implementing new initiatives will facilitate a smoother execution process. In addition, getting inputs or providing opportunities for team members to express themselves will ensure satisfaction of the lead person and members’ expectations. Moreover, improving interpersonal skills and being genuine to others could help the team members to gain a better understanding on how to relate to others, consequently helping the team attain their desired results. Conclusion The DISC assessment has provided a better understanding of the individual and team strengths, weaknesses, and behavioral characteristics. Additionally, the differences between people and what drives them is helpful in recognizing how to deal with others. The team consists of dominant, focused, critical thinker, and social members. Exploiting these strengths would be in the team’s best interest. Developing project plans, timelines, and delegating tasks should be assigned to the producers in the team. They possess the skills to get the tasks accomplished on time. The cautious member should be assigned to jobs that require attention to detail, risk analysis, and other tasks that require minimal group interaction to make this type of member comfortable.